How To Grow Bird Of Paradise: A Stunning Easy-Care Perennial

Strelitzia spp.

The bird of paradise plant is a stunning choice for those seeking large, eye-catching blooms. Its vibrant orange, blue, and white flowers are reminiscent of a bird taking flight, making it impossible to overlook. Moreover, this South African native thrives in warmer climates across the US, growing year-round in regions like Zones 9-12. As you explore your options, we recommend visiting our curated links to trusted vendors.

Should you make a purchase through one of these links, we may receive a commission. Now that you’re ready to bring this show-stopping plant into your garden, let’s dive into the essential tips for cultivating vigorous bird of paradise plants in your own yard.

What You’ll Learn

The majestic Bird of Paradise is a fascinating topic, but let’s dive deeper into its cultivation, history, and propagation. Understanding how to grow this unique plant from scratch can be an exciting experience. The journey begins with learning about the soil and climate needs, as well as proper watering and mulching techniques. Next, we’ll explore fertilization methods and offer some valuable growing tips for success.

Of course, no discussion would be complete without covering pruning and maintenance tasks to keep your Bird of Paradise thriving. We’ll also take a look at various species and cultivars to select from, as well as provide guidance on managing pests and diseases that may arise. Finally, we’ll wrap up with some inspiration on the best uses for this stunning plant in your garden or indoor space, along with a quick reference growing guide to keep you on track.

What Is Bird of Paradise?

Birds of Paradise plants, also known as crane flowers, are a rare sight in northern climates, but thrive in gardens and along roadsides in USDA Hardiness Zones 10-12, with occasional appearances in warmer areas of Zone 9. Their unique flowers, featuring orange sepals and blue petals, emerge from a modified leaf called a bract. The blooms are arranged in groups of one to three on long stalks, resembling the plumage of their namesake bird.

The plants’ underground stems divide slowly, producing fan-like foliage that resembles banana leaves as they grow. In suitable climates, Birds of Paradise plants bloom year-round, with mature and healthy specimens capable of producing up to 36 flower spikes per year, each lasting several weeks. Native to southern Africa, there are five species within the Strelizia genus, with S. reginae, S. nicolai, and S. alba being the most commonly grown in the US.

Notably, some southwestern regions have plants bearing the same common name, but these belong to a different species altogether – Caesalpinia spp., such as C. pulcherrima, C. gilliesii (now Poinciana gilliesii), and C. mexicana, which are part of the legume family.

Cultivation and History

The majestic bird of paradise has carved out its own family, the Strelitziaceae, having left behind its banana-like roots. This ornamental flower has garnered quite a reputation, earning the Award of Garden Merit from the UK’s Royal Horticultural Society in 1993. In their natural habitat, these plants thrive as low-maintenance options for urban landscaping. You’ll often spot them sprouting up in California’s traffic islands and apartment complex gardens.

One unique aspect is their tendency to stay put; unlike tree roots that can disrupt sidewalks over time, bird of paradise roots remain stable as the plant ages. The bird of paradise has a rich history, having been introduced to Europe by Francis Masson, a renowned plant collector, in 1773. The genus Strelitzia was named after Queen Charlotte Sophie of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the wife of King George III at the time. Even the scientific name S.

reginae holds regal connotations, translating to ‘queen’ in English. These plants made their way to California in 1853, courtesy of Colonel Warren, editor of the California Farmer magazine. By the 1870s, they were available for sale in Montecito, a wealthy enclave of Santa Barbara. The bird of paradise became such an emblem of southern California that it was named the official flower of Los Angeles by Mayor Fletcher Bowron in 1952. In South Africa, this flower is a treasured symbol.

It features on the coat of arms of KwaZulu-Natal province and adorns the emblem of the Order of the Ikhamanga, a high honor granted to citizens for achievements in literature, culture, arts, journalism, music, and sports. In its native habitat, bird of paradise plants grow wild along riverbanks, serving as vital nectar sources for birds.

Strelitzia Plant Propagation

While growing bird of paradise plants from seed can be a lengthy process taking anywhere from three to 10 years, a quicker alternative is to propagate them through division, resulting in the rapid production of new plants.

By Division

When preparing to divide your bird of paradise plant, look for mature clumps with four to five shoots or more. These can be dug up and separated into individual stems or multiple-stem divisions during late spring or early summer.

To do this, mark a radius of 8-12 inches from the base of the plant and dig down to a depth of 10-24 inches. Carefully lift the plant out of the soil, and use a gardening knife or shovel to cut through the root ball cleanly.

If your bird of paradise is growing in a container, simply lift it out of the pot and cut through the root ball with a sharp knife. Be sure each section has at least one stem attached to promote healthy growth.

Plant each division at the same depth as the original root ball, either directly in the ground or into a pot that’s 8-12 inches wide and deep (or larger, depending on the size of your division).

Keep the soil consistently moist for at least three months until the roots are established. At this point, you can start fertilizing your divisions if desired.

With proper care, you should have mature flowering plants within one to three years. Alternatively, you can remove young offshoots from mature plants to propagate new ones.

For more information on dividing bird of paradise flowers, check out this guide.

From Seed

Growing plants from seeds requires patience, as it can take three to five years for them to bloom. However, some sources claim that it may take up to 10 years for seed-started plants to produce flowers. A more efficient method is to save seeds from mature plants, but hybrid varieties will not produce true-to-type offspring. If you choose to hand-pollinate the flowers, you can expect to see seed pods develop about five months later.

Each pod typically contains 60-80 seeds, which are black with orange tufts and resemble sweet pea seeds. Once the flower has wilted and died back, you can collect the pods, cut them open, and remove the seeds. It’s essential to plant the seeds as soon after harvest as possible, before the seed coat becomes hard. If this isn’t feasible, planting within six months of harvest is recommended to ensure viability.

If you need to store the seeds, place them in a cool, well-ventilated room until they’re completely dry (usually one to ten days), then transfer them to a paper envelope and store them in a cool, dry place until you’re ready to plant. When the seed coat becomes hard, whether using saved or purchased seeds, scarification can be used to decrease germination time. This involves soaking the seeds in lukewarm water for one to two days and nicking the seed coat with a small file or knife.

Remove the bright orange tuft of hairs after soaking. Sow the seeds 1/2 to one inch deep in a pot or planting tray filled with a moist, loose, and clean seed starting medium. Cover the top with a plastic bag or humidity dome to maintain a humid environment. Providing bottom heat of 75-90°F can aid germination, but it’s not necessary. Seeds that have been scarified should germinate within one to three months if kept moist. According to Sydney Park Brown and Robert J.

Black, professors at the Environmental Horticulture Department at the University of Florida IFAS Extension, you may be able to accelerate germination by placing the seeds in a plastic bag and refrigerating them at 40-45°F for two weeks before scarification. Once seedlings have three to four true leaves, they can be transplanted into six-inch pots. Keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged until the seedlings are six to eight inches tall, then transplant them into the garden as described.

How to Grow Bird of Paradise Flowers

Birds of paradise plants, native to South Africa’s subtropical coasts, can thrive in warmer climates with temperatures ranging from 24°C to 37°C (Zones 9-12). For optimal growth, position them in full sun, but they will also tolerate partial shade in subtropical regions like Florida.

The amount of light affects the plants’ characteristics, with those grown in full sun being smaller and sporting shorter flower stems compared to those receiving partial shade, which tend to be taller and may produce larger flowers. When transplanting these plants into your garden, begin by digging a hole that’s two to three times the diameter of the root ball and as deep as its height. Thoroughly water the plant before gently removing it from its container.

Take care not to disturb the roots, as those of young plants are delicate and easily damaged. Place the plant in the hole, ensuring the top of the root ball is level with the soil’s surface. Backfill with soil and give the plant a good soaking. Be cautious not to plant it too deeply, as this can delay flowering. To promote healthy growth, create a shallow basin around the plant to hold water until it drains down to the roots.

During the first six months after planting, ensure consistent watering by checking the soil’s moisture levels. Water deeply when the surface feels dry to the touch.

Soil and Climate Needs

Birds of paradise are surprisingly adaptable when it comes to soil types, but they truly thrive in organically-rich loam with good drainage and a pH range of 5.5-7.5. While they can withstand brief temperatures as low as 24°F, prolonged freezing will impact flower and bud development. If you reside in an area susceptible to frost, consider either covering your plants if a hard freeze is predicted or bringing potted specimens indoors when the weather turns cold.

For additional guidance on cultivating these tropical wonders, explore our guides on growing them as houseplants and overwintering for optimal results.

Watering and Mulching

When it comes to watering this type of plant, it’s crucial to strike the right balance. Too much or too little moisture can cause the leaves to turn yellow and eventually die. Mature plants tend to be more drought-tolerant, but they still require regular watering when the top three inches of soil are dry. On the other hand, they won’t thrive in waterlogged soil that can lead to root rot.

In terms of irrigation during the winter months, you may not need to provide additional watering if there’s sufficient rain. However, it’s essential to keep an eye on the soil moisture levels and adjust your watering schedule accordingly. To promote healthy growth and conserve moisture, apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plant. This can be as thick as two to three inches and should cover the entire area around the stem.

Mulch will not only help retain moisture but also suppress weed growth and provide essential micronutrients. When it comes to placement, make sure to leave a circular area with a diameter of two to three inches around your plants free of mulch. This will help prevent stem rot from developing. You can use organic mulches like wood chips, bark, pine needles, or leaves, as well as inorganic options such as crushed stone or gravel in areas where lighter materials may be blown away.

Fertilization

For optimal growth and flowering, consider supplementing your garden with a balanced fertilizer. Organic options like well-rotted manure, worm castings, and blood meal are great choices. Alternatively, you can opt for controlled release products like Osmocote or granular landscape fertilizers. When applying, follow the package instructions and target a fully grown clump every three months during the growing season.

If your plants reside in containers, you can use a liquid fertilizer every two weeks or slow release pellets every two to three months. For more information on fertilizing, visit [link].

Growing Tips

To thrive, your plant requires a strategic placement. Ideally, it should be situated in an area that receives full sun or partial shade. Additionally, ensure the soil is rich in organic matter and drains well, allowing for healthy root growth. When mature, water your plants deeply, targeting a depth of at least three inches, only when the top layer of soil feels dry to the touch.

Pruning and Maintenance

One of the best things about these plants is their relatively low maintenance requirements. However, there is one crucial task you’ll need to perform regularly to keep them thriving: removing dead leaves and spent flower stalks to prevent fungi from building up in them.

When it comes to pruning, start by cutting off spent flower stalks as close to the soil line as possible. This will encourage healthy growth and prevent the stalks from remaining attached to the plant indefinitely.

You’ll also want to trim dead or dying foliage at the point where it meets the stem.

For larger clumps of plants, take the opportunity to thin out the foliage from the center to allow for improved airflow. This is especially important for species like S. nicolai, which produces dense offshoots that can benefit from occasional thinning.

Species and Cultivars to Select

Birds of Paradise can often be sourced from reputable horticultural suppliers, such as garden centers and nurseries, particularly in regions with ideal climates that support their growth.

Common Bird of Paradise

The Bird of Paradise (Strelitzia reginae) is an iconic and awe-inspiring ornamental plant that has captured the hearts of many around the globe. Its striking orange and blue blooms are a show-stopping addition to any landscape, adding a touch of drama and elegance to the surroundings. For those looking to bring this beauty into their own outdoor spaces, it’s worth noting that S.

reginae is readily available from reputable nurseries like Fast Growing Trees, making it accessible to gardeners of all levels.

Giant

The Giant Bird of Paradise (S. nicolai) is a familiar sight in southern and central Florida, where it’s also known for its impressive leaves that earn it nicknames like the giant white bird of paradise or African wild banana. This striking plant can grow quite large, reaching heights of up to 20 feet and widths of five to six feet, so be sure not to mistake it with the more diminutive Bird of Paradise when selecting a spot – perhaps avoiding placement in front of a window altogether!

For those looking to bring this beauty into their own gardens, plants in 9.25-inch pots are readily available from Costa Farms via Home Depot.

Mandela’s Gold

Mandela’s Gold, a South African cultivar of S. reginae, was created by John Winter at the Kirstenbosch National Botanic Garden in Cape Town and released to the public in 1994 under the original name ‘Kirstenbosch Gold’. Just two years later, in 1996, the name was changed to honor Nelson Mandela’s legacy. The plant’s vibrant blooms feature bright yellow petals accompanied by a striking blue tongue. Mature plants typically reach a height of four to five feet and spread equally wide.

For those interested in exploring the diverse world of bird of paradise plants, we invite you to discover more about the various types here.

Managing Pests and Disease

While bird of paradise plants are often characterized by their resistance to pests and diseases, it’s not entirely uncommon for them to fall victim to these issues. However, when they do, the impact is typically limited to specific flowers or leaves, rather than affecting the plant as a whole. This means that even if your bird of paradise does contract an issue, you can usually address the problem without compromising its overall health.

Insects

While insects are generally not a significant concern for bird of paradise plants, some species can cause occasional problems. Aphids, scale, snails, grasshoppers, and caterpillars may occasionally graze on the leaves, and mealybugs and spider mites can infest them as well. These pests can be controlled with systemic insecticides or organic alternatives like neem oil.

Additionally, Opogona Crown Borers, the larvae of which bore into plant crowns causing yellowing, wilting, and death, may also occur. This is often a secondary pest issue attracted to decaying tissue. Providing good cultural care, removing dead or dying debris, and avoiding excessive watering can help prevent this type of infestation. Another notable pest is the giant whitefly (Aleurodicus dugesii), which not only sucks nutrients from the plant but also secretes honeydew that can attract ants.

Early detection is crucial for control; if caught early, a simple hose spray can remove the pests. For severe infestations, removing infected leaves may be necessary. With proper care and attention, bird of paradise plants can thrive despite these occasional pest issues.

Disease

Birds of paradise plants can be affected by various types of fungi and a common bacterial pathogen. One such disease is Armillaria Root Rot, which can impact all members of the Strelitzia genus. Discolored leaves are an initial symptom, followed by the growth of ‘honey mushrooms’ at the plant’s base. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this disease, and fungal colonies can persist for thousands of years, requiring removal of the affected plant to prevent its spread.

Prevention involves proper drainage, irrigation, and care. Another bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas solanacearum, can infect bird of paradise plants through their roots or contaminated gardening tools, soil, insects, and water. Initial signs include wilting and yellowing leaves, followed by the base of the plant turning black or brown at the soil line. If left untreated, the disease can spread, making it essential to remove and destroy infested plants.

Fungal Leaf Spot is another common issue caused by various fungal pathogens. Infected leaves develop black, tan, brown, or yellow spots or patches that may wither and drop off. While this disease is typically not severe, good cultural care and sanitation are crucial for controlling its spread. In some cases, spraying neem oil every 10-14 days can be effective. Gray Mold, also known as botrytis blight, caused by Botrytis cinerea, can infect an array of plants, including bird of paradise.

Infected flowers and leaves develop a gray film, which eventually leads to wilting, decay, and leaf drop. Prevention involves removing fallen debris, dying plant tissue, and avoiding overhead watering. Fungicides may be effective, but the fungus has a tendency to develop resistance. Biofungicides like Cease can also control this disease. Finally, root rot or damping off caused by fungal pathogens can affect bird of paradise seeds.

To prevent this, seeds should be soaked at room temperature for 24 hours before being planted in clean soil starting medium. By taking these precautions and monitoring your plants closely, you can help prevent the spread of diseases and keep your birds of paradise healthy.

Best Uses for Bird of Paradise Flowers

Bird of paradise flowers are a familiar sight in florist shops and gardens, where they serve as a stunning focal point or delightful houseplant in sunrooms. But these perennials have some unexpected advantages. For instance, their evergreen leaves remain on the plant, making them an excellent choice for areas around swimming pools where leaf shedding can be a maintenance hassle.

They also pair well with other evergreen perennials that share similar cultural requirements, such as Agave vilmoriniana, Senecio mandraliscae, and Pittosporum tobira ‘Nanum’. Beyond their ornamental appeal, Bird of paradise flowers are also a popular choice for cut flower arrangements. With proper care and the right fresh flower food, they can remain vibrant in a vase for up to two weeks.

If you’re looking to get more life out of your fresh flowers, be sure to check out our guide on how to make them last longer.

Quick Reference Growing Guide

The Strelitzia genus consists of flowering herbaceous perennials that thrive in a range of conditions. Native to South Africa, these plants boast vibrant orange, blue, and white or graysish-green, yellow/green hues. They require minimal maintenance and can tolerate temperatures within USDA Zone 9-12. The ideal soil type is rich loam, chalk, or sand, with a slightly acidic to neutral pH range of 5.5-7.5.

Full sun to partial shade exposure and well-draining soils are also essential for their health. When planting, ensure the root ball is at the same depth as it was in the nursery, with an additional 1/2-1 inch for seeds. Companion plants include Agave vilmoriniana, Pittosporum tobira ‘Nanum’, and Senecio mandraliscae.

Strelitzias can grow quite tall, reaching heights of 3-30 feet depending on the species, making them suitable for borders, hedges, cut flower arrangements, street plantings, or poolside landscaping. The spread typically ranges from 4-6 feet. With proper care, these plants mature within 1-3 years from division and 3-10 years from seed. Some notable uses include attracting birds and hummingbirds, withstanding drought once established, and offering a striking visual display nearly year-round.

A Carefree Noble Flower

Whether you’ve brought home a bird of paradise flower for yourself or as a thoughtful gift, it’s likely that this exotic plant has captured your attention with its stunning appearance. In fact, what was once an uncommon find in the 19th century is now a relatively low-maintenance staple in warm climates like southern California and Florida. The plants’ popularity stems from their versatility, thriving both outdoors as part of landscaping and indoors as beloved houseplants.

With proper care, they can produce up to three dozen vibrant flowers per year, making them an ideal choice for those seeking a touch of regality in their garden or home. If you’re among the many who’ve fallen under the bird of paradise’s charm, we’d love to hear about your experience and gain from your expertise. Share your tips and stories in the comments section below! For more unique flowering plants, check out our guides on growing fabulous fuchsia, agapanthus, and larkspur flowers.